The significant growth of the global population since the Industrial Revolution has triggered significant challenges for food security, driving the need to increase the production of industrial fertilizers. However, the manufacturing of these inputs faces considerable challenges due to their environmental impact, such as the high energy consumption to convert nitrogen into fertilizer and dependence on finite resources, like phosphorus extracted from phosphate rock. In this context, this study proposes an alternative and sustainable approach by exploring the recovery of nutrients from wastewater through struvite precipitation. An industrial residue was used as an alternative source of magnesium, comparing it to the traditional magnesium chloride. The research assessed the applicability of this process in a wastewater treatment plant with the RAFA system, considering parameters such as sampling point, molar ratios of P:N:Mg (1:1:1, 1:1:2, 1:1:3, 1:2:1, 1:3:1, 2:1:1, and 3:1:1), and a pH range from 8.0 to 13. Promising results were obtained with both reagents. Under optimal conditions (pH 11 and molar concentration of 1:1:3), magnesium chloride achieved notable 91.25% nitrogen removal and 37.75% phosphate removal. On the other hand, the industrial residue also demonstrated efficacy, with a crucial emphasis on its use eliminating disposal costs. Under ideal conditions (pH 13 and a ratio of 1:1:2), the residue achieved 65.69% phosphate removal, while ammoniacal nitrogen removal was 4.71%. The most effective condition for nitrogen removal was 59.90% at pH 12 and a ratio of 3:1:1, with a phosphate removal of 31.09%. These results highlight the effectiveness of the method, opening perspectives for eco-efficient nutrient management in wastewater treatment. The comparison between the industrial residue and magnesium chloride emphasizes feasibility under specific conditions, reinforcing the proposal for a sustainable approach to nutrient recovery. The promising efficiency of both reagents, with chloride being more efficient but costly, and the residue being effective and economically advantageous, underscores the versatility of these alternatives in the pursuit of sustainable solutions.

The production of drinking water is an activity of relevant importance for ensuring the health of the population and economic development. Given the essentiality of this service, it is inevitable to pay attention to one of the residues inherent to the water treatment process known as sludge. From this perspective, the present work aimed to characterize the water treatment sludge and to evaluate the technical and financial feasibility of using microwaves to dry the residue, comparing the energy expenditure required for water evaporation in relation to the cost of final disposal of the material in landfill, the most common destination of such material. Furthermore, aiming to adequately understand the possible environmental impacts of the microwave drying process, gas emissions occurring during the drying process were also evaluated, as well as changes in the toxicity of the material after subjecting it to the drying process. The characterization of the material showed that its predominant solid composition is non-volatile and that the classification from the perspective of ABNT 10004 results in a non-hazardous and non-inert solid waste. The technical feasibility was evaluated through a central compound arrangement with three factors: power, time and initial mass of sludge, where statistical correlations for the factors, their combinations and their squares were verified, as well as a mathematical model of the response surface, to determine the maximum water removal point per kWh consumed. It was observed that the system is technically viable for carrying out mass reduction, where up to 44% of the energy consumed for water evaporation was achieved. In financial terms, there was a need to add energy generation technologies to enable the application of microwave drying, as the cost of energy is still higher than the price of disposing of the material in a landfill. In environmental terms, it was observed that extract of solubilized sludge presented a significant reduction in the toxicity factor, comparing the results before and after subjecting it to microwave drying. Furthermore, in terms of gaseous emissions, it was found that by carrying out adequate control of the drying time, it is possible to maintain air quality within the standards determined by the World Health Organization. Definitely, in relation to the environmental parameters observed, microwave drying is viable drying process and if associated with an alternative energy source (e.g., photovoltaic), this drying technology also becomes economically viable.

Solid waste generated in automotive maintenance, often classified as Class I or hazardous due to contamination by lubricating oil, can cause environmental damage if not properly managed. Co-processing in cement kilns is a technology in which the waste is used as fuel or raw material in cement manufacturing, minimizing environmental liabilities and the use of natural resources. However, co-processing still faces technical and economic challenges involving regulatory compliance, quality criteria, and process feasibility. The aim of this study was to determine a blend of solid waste from automotive maintenance with optimal characteristics for co-processing in cement kilns. The waste generated in eleven auto repair shops was classified, and the fuel fraction was characterized by determining chlorine, mercury, ashes, moisture, and Calorific Value. Based on the findings, a blend was proposed through an optimization model, with optimal proportions of each waste category meeting the legislation and quality criteria of the studied cement plant. The conclusions indicate that the waste blend is viable as a fuel for co-processing, reducing the disposal of this environmental liability in landfills.

All human activities invariably lead to the production of waste, reflecting an intrinsic phenomenon in our interaction with the environment. In agriculture, this reality is no different, with one of the main waste-generating activities involving the harvesting and processing of agricultural products. The onion (Allium cepa) is a globally cultivated species, and the state of Santa Catarina stands out as the largest onion producer in the country, with a production of 551,540 tons in the 2022/2023 harvest on an area of 17,910 hectares. The Alto Vale do Itajaí region, in its onion micro-region, concentrates 75.87% of onion bulb production in the state of Santa Catarina and has the capacity to supply onions to the national market for approximately 6 months of the year. For commercialization and compliance with market standards, these onions bulbs undergo mechanical processing and classification. This involves the removal of adhered soil from the root system, cutting of the still-attached pseudostem, and removal of loose outer layers, resulting in the generation of the main agricultural waste from onion cultivation. The management of this waste has been neglected, turning it into an environmental liability to the production process and society. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the chemical and physical characteristics of onion processing waste for future use as organic fertilizer. The methodology employed in this work was divided into two formats to meet the objectives of quantitatively assessing the waste, determining doses, and evaluating the nutritional enhancement of its use in eucalyptus cultivation soil (Eucalyptus sp.). Initially, individual samples of waste were obtained from different locations, generating a composite sample. Laboratory analysis determined the average density, dry matter, moisture, carbon: nitrogen ratio, organic carbon, and nutritional content. Based on this information, waste doses were determined to implement the field experiment. It was observed that with increasing doses, both macro and micronutrients generally showed a positive evolution in their concentrations in the soil. Fertility indicators such as pH, CTC pH7.0, base sum, and saturation also showed improvement. Mineralization occurred in 173 days through the natural decomposition process without apparent environmental impacts. In conclusion, the results show that the onion processing waste has a sufficient nitrogen source for natural decomposition and supports the residue's mineralization process. It can be considered an interesting source of carbon for the soil, fostering the growth of soil microbiota and resulting in environmental gains.

The systematic articulation of water resources involves the use of technical and management instruments capable of minimizing environmental impacts with optimization of available capital, and sewage treatment stations (ETE) are constituted seeking greater efficiency in the removal of contaminants, including microbiological ones , enhancing the quality of the water to be released into the receiving bodies. However, several analyzes show that, even in a treatment system with high levels of efficiency, the amount of microorganisms that reach the environment through the treated effluent is considered high. In the vast majority of these stations there is no tertiary treatment, which may not be efficient when seeking to deliver water with satisfactory microbiological quality. In systems where tertiary treatment is present, disinfection methods such as chlorination and UV radiation are commonly used as a final polishing of the effluent and the monitoring of their effectiveness in disinfection is extremely important to avoid unnecessary expenses, both with the consumption of products used and with the consumption of electricity. The development of new technologies for implementation in water treatment is extremely important and is directly linked to the quality of human health. Thus, this research sought to analyze the efficiency in disinfection of effluent samples from an ETE of the sanitation system in the municipality of Indaial-SC, using ozonation methods and the process combined with UVC-LED radiation, on a bench scale, in batch. The determination of treatment efficiency was carried out by quantifying Colony Forming Units (CFU) and the variables pH (5, 7 and 9) and application time (10, 20 and 30 min) formed the configuration of the analysis. The optimal disinfection point was reached within 20 min of the process, regardless of the disinfection method. In 10 min time, whenever the combined application was used, it showed improvement in efficiency at all pHs, most notably in alkaline medium. The application of UV radiation through light emitting diodes (LED) is a recent technology and, therefore, has aroused interest in research worldwide. For this reason, it needs further analyzes in different configurations to better evaluate its performance in disinfection, via treatment optimization, also taking into account the consumption of electricity per order EEo.

In recent decades, with the increase in agricultural production systems, there has been an increase in the use of pesticides in production systems, which contribute to an environmental imbalance and have negative impacts on health. Studies with natural products obtained from plants, such as essential oils, have shown promising results in pest control. Essential oils (OEs) are alternatives in the search for less aggressive products with potential in agriculture, contributing to the control of phytopathogens. Therefore, species of the genus Piper L. have been studied, mainly, in antimicrobial control. The fungus Collethotricum gloeosporioides is the causative agent of anthracnose, a disease that affects different cultivars and causes tissue necrosis of leaves and fruits, causing damage to the production system. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro antifungal activity of essential oils obtained from leaves and inflorescences of nine Piper species, namely, P. mosenii; P. malacophyllum; P. mollicomum; P. regnelli; P. umbellatum; P. arboreum; P. hispidinervum; P. amplum and P. cernuum against the fungus C. gloeosporioides. For this, the extraction of EOs in Clevenger was carried out and subsequent characterization in Gas Chromatograph coupled to a Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS) in the identification of compounds. For the antimicrobial assay, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was performed in order to verify the inhibition of the fungus at the lowest concentration tested. After characterizing the EOs, it was possible to observe the predominance of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons for the leaves and monoterpene hydrocarbons for the inflorescences, in addition to identifying compounds of other chemical classes. Some major compounds identified for EOs were α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, linalool, α-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene, β-selinene, (E)-dihydroagarofuran, caryophyllene oxide, (E)-nerolidol, among others . For the antimicrobial test, antifungal activity was observed for EOs from the leaves of P. mollicomum, P. arboreum and P. hispidinervum, with the best MIC for P. mollicomum. Regarding the EOs of the inflorescences, antifungal activity was observed for P. mosenii and P. mollicomum, also having the best MIC for P. mollicomum. The antifungal activity shown in the Piper species can be explained by the chemical composition of the EOs, which synergistically act to inhibit the fungus, in addition to the major compounds, such as linalool, predominantly found in the P. mollicomum species, being directly related to the lower MIC for the fungus tested, proving to be a promising natural compound in antifungal control.

Cosmetic industries generate a large volume of effluent through their production processes. The conventional treatment carried out by them is not effective for the decontamination of this effluent regarding the presence of sunscreens. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of ozonation as an advanced oxidative process in the degradation of the water-soluble photoprotector sulfonic acid phenylbenzimidazole present in effluent generated by a sunscreen industry. Initially, the tests were carried out on a bench scale with aqueous solutions at a concentration of 10 mg/L of the compound at the natural pH of the solution (4.68) and at pHs 7.0, pH 9.0, pH 10.0 and pH 11 0, exposed to ozone for a period of 60 minutes. The results of this step were evaluated through spectrophotometry, since the compound has an absorbance of 302 nm. Alkaline pHs had the best degradation results, and at pH 11, after just 10 minutes of ozonation, the compound concentration had already been reduced to less than 25%. After defining the best condition for the degradation of the compound, the industrial effluent was characterized according to the parameters BOD, COD, phosphorus, materials soluble in hexanes (oils and greases), ammoniacal nitrogen, pH, surface-active substances (anionic surfactants) and acid dosage sulfonic phenylbenzimidazole. It was submitted to the best condition of ozonation and subsequent analysis of the same parameters. It was understood that there were significant differences between the bench scale and the real raw effluent, but in general the ozonation treatment generated a better quality effluent and safer to be released into the receiving body, when compared to the conventional treatment performed.

This work aimed to analyze the initial performance of forest restoration models in hydric areas of permanent preservation of a small rural property in São Bento do Sul-SC, also considering the effect of slow release fertilizer (FLL) doses on native species . The experimental design of the restoration models was in randomized blocks with five treatments and three replications. The five treatments were: (T1) Passive restoration - abandonment (control); (T2) Planting seedlings of pioneer and secondary native trees without fertilizers and implantation of a perch; (T3) Planting of pioneer and secondary native tree seedlings with 40g FLL/hole and transposition of 2 m² of litter from a nearby forest remnant; (T4) Planting of pioneer and secondary native tree seedlings with 80g FLL/hole and transposition of branches and (T5) Planting of pioneer and secondary native tree seedlings with 120g FLL/hole. The effect of FLL doses was studied in a split-plot scheme, with the dose factor in the plot and the species in the subplot. The tree species were: Alchornea glandulosa (tanheiro), Inga marginata (inga-bean), Handroanthus albus (yellow ipe), Campomanesia xanthocarpa (guabiroba), Allophylus edulis (chal-chal) and Ocotea puberula (cinnamon-guaica). After 24 months of implementation of the experiment, the biometric variables and some phytosociological parameters were evaluated. Under the conditions of the study, the FLL fertilizer did not provide superior development of the native species implanted by seedlings. A total of 445 woody individuals were registered, belonging to 31 species, 29 genera and 18 botanical families. Of these species, 29 are arboreal and 2 are shrubby, resulting in 80.64% of the species being established from natural regeneration, either through soil transposition and the seed bank, or through seed dispersal by birds, driven by birds. natural perches installed in the sampling units, or by the dispersion of anemochoric seeds considering the proximity of forest remnants, a source of propagules. The use of the combined model of nucleation techniques (perches, soil transposition) with the planting of tree seedlings is very efficient, providing high diversity of species, greater richness, formation of a thin layer of litter (organic matter and dry leaves). The abandonment and isolation of the area was not ecologically efficient, since the establishment of herbaceous grasses is predominant, not favoring species richness. For the purposes of rapid soil covering, the transposition of litter from T3 proved to be efficient due to the greater richness between the treatments and a very cheap technique for implantation in areas that do not have compacted soil.

The main objective of this proposal is to develop easily accessible didactic material, which can be used as a practical and interdisciplinary class aid, covering concepts and the insertion of the student in the scientific world, with the future strategic proposal of implementing a digital material in the form app. Initially, the document presents an approach with historical contextualization of pedagogical practices in science teaching, in addition to changes in methodological understanding to be rethought as a practical experience. Also described are the main methodologies and techniques currently used in the classroom, such as: expositive dialogue, practical or experimental, inverted classroom, rotational teaching and hybrid teaching, inclusion and in addition to these strategies, the main difficulties faced by professionals are addressed. of the area and also prospects for the near future. The development of this didactic/pedagogical material, in the form of practical classes script, with the proposal of developing an interactive application, proves to be an innovative tool in the school scope, as it proposes an alternative to include new teaching-learning strategies, in the scientific and multidisciplinary literacy.

The intensive use of chemical pesticides in Brazilian agriculture has caused several negative impacts on the environment and human health. Substances derived from bioactive plants from the Atlantic Forest show potential for the sanitary control of pests and diseases in agriculture, being an ecologically and economically sustainable alternative, with low impact. The species of Baccharis showed diverse biological properties. The present study aimed to characterize and evaluate the insecticidal and fungicidal activity of substances obtained from the species Baccharis articulata, Baccharis calvescens and Baccharis milleflora. The essential oil (EO) and the hydrolate (HD) were obtained by steam extraction for 3 hours. The EO constituents were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The insecticidal activity was evaluated against Anticarsia gemmatalis, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais and Lucilia cuprina. While the fungicidal activity of EOs and HDs was evaluated by the contact and volatilization method against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum. 7, 16 and 27 compounds were identified in the EOs samples of B. articulata, B. calvescens and B. milleflora¸ respectively. All species demonstrate high insecticidal action against A. gemmatalis and L. cuprina, with highest toxicity. Only the species B. articulata caused high mortality for S. oryzae and S. zeamais in high concentrations. In the evaluation of fungicidal activity, EOs and HDs from Baccharis species demonstrated efficacy only by the contact method for all fungal isolates, with variation in growth inhibition between species. The present study demonstrates perspectives for the use of Baccharis sp. and its constituents as natural alternative substances to chemical pesticides, contributing to more sustainable production in Brazilian agriculture.

Brazil is the world's largest producer of passion fruit. Much of this production is destined for the passion fruit processing industry, which generates a significant amount of peels and seeds that are often improperly discarded, causing environmental damage. The rind is rich in pectin, used as a gelling agent and stabilizer. The seeds are a source of lipids rich in essential fatty acids. This work aimed to use and add value to by-products from the passion fruit industrialization. The passion fruit peels were dehydrated and ground until flour was obtained, which was chemically characterized and used as raw material for pectin extraction. Pectins with a high degree of esterification and low degree of esterification were extracted, with the latter presenting the highest yield of 19%. The seeds, previously dehydrated and ground, had their chemical composition determined, and were subjected to oil extraction in a Soxhlet extractor, with a yield of 27.43%. The passion fruit seed oil was characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and showed 59.9% of unsaturated fatty acids with a predominance of linoleic acid (omega 6). Pectins extracted from passion fruit peel were used in combination with sodium alginate in the development of microcapsules containing passion fruit seed oil. The formulations showed an encapsulation yield of 71.94 to 85.34%, indicating that pectin and alginate were effective as wall materials in the formation of microcapsules containing passion fruit seed oil.

The activity of yerba mate has great social, historical/cultural, economic, and environmental
importance for the North Plateau of Santa Catarina. Due to the sum of these important aspects
linked to the territory, the claim with the INPI – National Institute of Intellectual Property, for
a Geographical Indication, in the DO – Denomination of Origin modality, was based. In the
year 2022, in the month of May, the aforementioned institute gave a favorable opinion to this
petition and granted registration for the use of the distinction to Yerba Mate products. In order
to make the post-registration feasible, it is necessary to meet the conditions imposed in the
Use Regulation, which is the title of an item in the Technical Specifications Booklet, be
regulated through specific norms for primary production, object of this work, which aims to
place procedures and management on the properties, so that it meets the aforementioned
standards and has the possibility of being classified as a product with Denomination of Origin.
The present work aims, in a first part, to revisit the literature and understand the motivations
for requesting a GI, understanding historical, social, cultural aspects and the descriptions
already published about the yerba mate production systems in order to have a basis for, in the
second part, to build a Manual of Good Practices for Yerba Mate Production in the traditional
or shaded system.

Bivalve mollusks are filter-feeding organisms and have the ability to bioaccumulate heavy metals. The Perna Perna specie is capable of pump between 0.5 to 4 liters of water per hour. For this study, collections were carried out between March 2017 and June 2023 at 5 sample points, wich 4 of them were located in the Babitonga Bay, in the city of São Francisco do Sul, in Santa Carina, Brazil and a control point in the city of Penha, in Santa Catarina, Brazil. To correlate the data, surface water and sediment were collected. The sediment sample from point 2 in august 2020 campaign indicated a lead limit above level 1 of the CONAMA Resolution 454 of 2012, however, with a value below level 2 (limit above which there is a greater probability of adverse effects on biota). Therefore, in the water and mussel samples from this sample, lead values were within the limits established by legislation. In the mussel samples, concentrations of chromium and arsenic were found above the legal limit for human consumption in scientific areas in more than one sample. Lead also presented samples above the legal limit in the December 2018 sample at point 3 (cultivation area - AMAPRI) and point 5 (control point in Penha). Zinc was slightly above the limit, which is 50,000 (mg/kg) at point 4 of the December 2018 sample, with a result of 50,927 (mg/kg). The results obtained in these campaigns indicated that there is no accumulation of PAHs by biomonitoring organisms, however, higher values of BTX were found in mussel tissue samples sporadically and occasionally. There are no legal limits for these compounds, however, due to their toxic nature, it is extremely important to continue this monitoring and study their behavior in the different matrices analyzed.

This research consists of a reflection the role of pedagogical gardens in school environments, taking into account aspects that refer to its implementation and its link with the pedagogical proposal. The goal was to emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary work with vegetable gardens and to verify the different views of teachers who work in primary school about this extracurricular practice in order to identify the challenges of transforming the school pedagogical garden into a sustainable environment. The sample had 86 teachers linked to 15 primary schools in Joinville-SC. Participants made their contributions by reporting their experiences with pedagogical gardens. Three methods of approach were used: i) a structured questionnaire to collect personal and professional data, such as gender, role in the school, time in the profession and academic education; ii) a questionnaire with the application of the Likert Scale in order to measure the level of agreement of the participants in the context of daily school life; and finally, a iii) questionnaire with open questions in which the Content Analysis method was applied to interpret descriptive and subjective data from the respondents. According to the results obtained, the most expressive indicators were the need to institutionalize the pedagogical garden theme in the curriculum and the perception of teachers for taking on more collective and didactic strategies regarding the work carried out in extracurricular classes. Finally, this study verified the viability of pedagogical gardens as teaching instruments, with intrinsic proposals being environmental education and awareness of healthy eating.

The treatment of effluents from anaerobic systems (UASB Reactor) results in the generation of by-products, such as sludge and biogas. Choosing interesting alternatives from the perspective of managing these by-products can lead to energy self-sufficiency in the plants. In view of this, this work aimed to contribute to the assessment of the energy potential of biogas and dewatered sludge and to the study of alternatives for the energy use of these by-products generated in the ETE located in Indaial (SC). For this, characterization of the energy potential of the sludge was carried out (assessment of calorific value, immediate and elemental analysis), as well as characterization of biogas (qualitative and quantitative). For biogas, two scenarios of energy use were proposed, being evaluated in the first scenario, the use of biogas for thermal drying of the dehydrated sludge, while in the second, cogeneration was evaluated with a view to generating electricity and drying the sludge. Among the main results, it can be pointed out that biogas is viable for use as an energy source, with an energy potential of 1,462.06 Kwh/d. Both proposed scenarios showed savings in relation to current costs, with emphasis on the second, which in addition to presenting a reduction in the sludge mass, indicated energy self-supply of 83.17%, leading to savings of R$ 143,378.92 per year. The energy potential presented by the sludge was 342.40 Kwh/d, representing that despite being a lower energy potential than that found for biogas, the sludge can be used to produce electricity, or from cogeneration with other fuels, making it possible to achieve savings close to R$ 49,363.00 per year.

Among the numerous factors associated with the recurrent water crises observed in recent years in Brazil, the degradation of springs certainly deserves a prominent role. Characterizing the stage of degradation of water sources is an important tool for the application of actions for their recovery. However, it is essential to use tools such as the Rapid Assessment Protocols (PAR) that are easy to apply and with social participation. In addition to the characterization of environmental problems such as the degradation of springs, understanding the socio-environmental scenario of rural communities where the springs are located should contribute to a more in-depth characterization of the context and the elaboration of public policies for its solution. In this sense, this research aimed to characterize the state of conservation of 18 existing water sources in the Córrego Barra Grande, belonging to the Canoinhas River watershed, in the Municipality of Canoinhas/SC, through a PAR, associated with the a diagnosis of the indicators of the four dimensions of sustainability: environmental integrity, economic resilience, quality of life (social) and good governance (institutional), through the SAFA/FAO tool (Sustainability Assessment of Food and AgricultureSystems) version Smallholders 2.0.0. In order to carry out the PAR, 14 environmental parameters and use of the area were used, to which scores were assigned, the sum of which generated five conservation indices for the springs: A (excellent); B (good); C (fair), D (bad) and E (very bad). Of the 18 springs, none fit the optimal class, 17% were classified as good, 39% as fair, 28% as bad and 17% as very bad, indicating the seriousness of their conservation situation. The parameters that significantly contributed to the characterization of the springs were vegetation in the APP, maintenance of the APP, erosion in the bed of the springs and sediment deposition. For the diagnosis of sustainability analysis, 70 questions from the SAFA/SH tool were used, divided into 4 dimensions, 20 themes and 32 indicators and applied to 22 families living in the surroundings of the Barra Grande stream. The use of the SAFA/SH tool indicated that the general sustainability standard of the properties is good, with four families reaching optimal levels of sustainability. The dimensions that presented the lowest scores are related to Good Governance, with low organization and social participation of families, and the Environmental dimension, precisely on the issue of water resources. In general, the tool was easy to use and the output of the results, with an easy-to-understand graphic visual presentation, tends to facilitate the dialogue with the social actors involved in the process.

Acidity is one of the main degrading fators of the soil’s productive potential, with Ca and Mg carbonates being the most used to correct this problem. Industrial waste, rich in such elements, may be viable alternatives. In this work, the potential of residue from magnesium production to improve soil Chemical atributes was evaluated. Substrates of 1dm3 were collected in a rural area of Balneário Barra do Sul/SC, at 20 cm depth, and stored in polyethylene bags. Two correctives were tested, according to PRNT (CaO and MgO): i) industrial waste from the B&L-MAG plant in Balneario Barra do Sul/SC; and ii) agricultural commercial limestone. The experiments were carried out in randomized blocks with a 2 x 4 x 4 factorial arrangement. The chemical attributes of the soil were evaluated, such as: pH in water and in KCl, the SMP index, Ca, Mg, H+Al, CTC pH7, saturation of CTC and sum of bases. The analyzes were performed using the Statistical Analysis System software. The Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests were applied to verify, respectively, the normality of the data and the homogeneity of the correctives and the Tukey test to compare the means. In evaluating the effects of the corrective dose and the incubation time, the data were submitted to regression analysis. For the variable pH-KCl, the action times considered were 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 days. Significant statistical differences were considered when P<0.05. The results showed that the application of industrial residue improved all chemical attributes of the soil studied. Despite the commercial agricultural limestone presenting a higher yield than the industrial residue, the residue application proved to be strategically and economically viable.

Advances in scientific knowledge about Atlantic Forest species are allowing the use of promising fruit trees as crops and in other conservation processes. The production of native seedlings in nurseries has been challenging and different products are emerging and being incorporated into the substrates. Three fertilization technologies were tested for the production of Acca sellowiana and Eugenia pyriformis seedlings: slow-release fertilizer (FLL); agro-industrial organic compost (FCO); and, Bokashi (FBO) in four different dosages. The design used was completely randomized for each species with thirteen treatments and four replications, with nine plants in each experimental unit evaluated at 270 days. The development was measured through the variables shoot height (H), collar diameter (DC), SPAD index, fresh shoot biomass (BFPA), shoot dry biomass (BSPA), root dry biomass (BSR) , total dry biomass (BST) and, later, the seedling quality indices height/collar diameter ratio (H/DC), Dickson quality index (DQI) and maximum technical efficiency dose (DMET) were calculated. We observed that seedlings of A. sellowiana and E. pyriformis produced in 280 cm³ pots responded positively to the use of slow-release fertilizer and to the use of agro-industrial organic compost, however the fertilization with bokashi did not show good results.

Landrace seeds preserve genetic variations of great importance and utility for agriculture. Among the cultivated species, corn stands out with its interaction in the historical process of structuring human civilization and its application in food due to its nutritional value, in addition to presenting high genetic and adaptive variability. Understanding the current demands of agriculture, the present project aimed to collect and evaluate varieties of creole corn from the northern region of Santa Catarina through fairs and technical visits, with the help of the Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Rural (SENAR). To verify the productive potential of the collected varieties, they were submitted to the water stress test using different doses of polyethylene glycol 6000, evaluating: germination content; seedling quality; root system size; fresh shoot weight; shoot dry weight; fresh weight of the root system; and dry weight of the root system. The entire experiment was conducted in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory of the Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), Campus Araquari. The results obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (5% probability by the F test), emphasizing that the behavior of the studied genotypes were similar to the potentials of -0.6 and -0.8MPa. By means of the Tukey test, the black popcorn was highlighted under the osmotic potentials -0.2 and -0.4MPa. We emphasize the need for new research, attributed to different project lines that address the rescue of traditional knowledge associated with the collected seeds and other species of agricultural interest.

The sweet potato is a species of the convolvulaceae family, with probable origin between Mexico and northern South America. Among the genotypes with economic potential, the biofortified cultivar Beauregard (Ipomoea batatas) stands out due to its rusticity and easy handling. Controlled-release fertilizers were mostly used in studies carried out in other countries, requiring their study in Brazilian soil and climate conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the development of the biofortified cultivar Beauregard, submitted to different fertilization technologies in avertical cultivation system. At 180 days, biometric and production parameters were evaluated. The application of the controlled-release fertilizer had a positive effect on the production of the cultivar studied, favoring the performance of the plants and promoting the increase, especially in height, branch length and number of leaves. The base application of the controlled release fertilizer and the traditional NPK fertilizer promote higher productivity of shoot and root dry mass when compared to unfertilized plants in sweet potato cultivation in vertical system.

Faced with the environmental problem both in rural and urban areas, the scarcity of water resources is becoming increasingly frequent. Agrifood activities are becoming more and more intense in the face of current global needs, changing the environment, in this way, it is necessary to study alternatives, management measures and adequate management of waste from swine farming activity, because the lack of it impacts the environment, such as pollution of water resources, contamination of soil, water table, etc. In order to optimize the management of these residues, the interest in diagnosing the environmental impacts still generated was aroused, with the objective of seeking solutions, technological alternatives in the control of pollution in order to minimize, reduce these recurring impacts on the activity of swine farming. In this sense, this study aimed to study from a review the plant species already used as phytoremediators in swine effluents, analyzing their main physical-chemical and biological parameters of pollutant removal. In addition to the review, it also implemented an experimental system for post-treatment of swine effluents, based on the existing squad of the Teaching and Learning Unit of the IFC - Campus Araquari SC, through phytoremediation, Constructed Wetlands systems, also called Wetland, using the Brachiaria species do marsh (Brachiaria arrecta) and Trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis). Physico-chemical parameters such as: BOD, COD,N, P, Temperature and pH were evaluated and also compared with the enzymatic activity that occurred during the degradation process, through FDA analysis.

There are numerous scientific research published over the years by scholars and institutions of world renown, demonstrating that traditional energy sources such as oil, gases, among others, in addition to being finite, bring enormous environmental damage to the planet. In this way, it is necessary to think about antagonistic alternatives to this self-destructive trajectory, which nations have been following in recent centuries. The light from the sun is free and is found in abundance on the earth's surface. In addition, the science that studies the transformation of this energy into electricity has been around for at least a century. So, what are the reasons that this type of energy is not yet diffused? Among the various reasons, ranging from the lack of interest of large global groups to the detriment of priority for fossil fuels, to the high cost of production and import of the elements that constitute a photovoltaic energy generation system. In addition to these, another factor to consider is the lack of contact of the population with this type of technology. Taking this last factor into account, the present work aimed at the development of a low cost didactic bag, in relation to the existing ones on the market, for its use in teaching and future presentation in the community. The briefcase will also be a center of knowledge, both for professionals in training in institutions and in schools. The present work describes the method of dimensioning, assembly and other activities related to the development of this product. The suitcase can also be replicated in other teaching centers, in addition to future inclusion in an institutional incubator, with the purpose of creating low-cost prototypes for teaching institutions.

Conservation units such as the Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPN) demand information about their protected areas. In this sense, vegetation maps are of great importance for the systematization of data and studies of the biogeography to be protected. However, the dimensions of the forest fragments impose a methodological challenge in the identification of other thematic classes not covered, since they were generalized or even not represented according to the scale of the official maps. For this, it is opportune to discuss methodologies that allow the recognition of heterogeneity in forest fragments from the combination of satellite images and drone images, all multispectral. The present work deals with image processing techniques, a proposal to determine the heterogeneity of vegetation in a forest fragment in an area of Dense Ombrophilous Forest (FOD), of the Atlantic Forest biome on the north coast of Santa Catarina. From this case study, three different vegetation patterns were identified in an area classified as FOD. The methodology proved to be opportune for studies with few sample areas, which can still direct more assertive future expeditions, based on information obtained remotely.

In the state of Santa Catarina, between June 2016 and May 2017, 5,196,924 tons of industrial solid waste were produced. Co-processing is a technology for disposing of this material as an alternative to industrial landfill in order to use the waste as a raw material and alternative fuel to cement, introducing a circular economy to the various processes. However, for product quality reasons, the cement industry, when introducing these materials into its process, needs some control measures, such as calorific value, chlorine and mercury contents. Some intermediary industries, called Blending Units, perform the preparation and mixing of this material and carry out the process of controlling the quality of the mentioned parameters as well as granulometry and humidity. However, due to these different characteristics, not all waste can be used in the cement industry and, therefore, there is a need for a better understanding of the material of each type of industry for destination for co-processing. For the present work, the industry of choice was furniture, since the Blending Unit of study is located in a pole of this sector in Brazil and a large percentage of the material destined comes from it. Thus, six wastes from this industry were analyzed and served as the basis for a data system that will be used for decision making in the creation of the waste blend produced to be sent for co-processing. The conclusions were that, from the point of legislation, the furniture waste fulfills all the necessary characteristics, but when compared to internal criteria of cement companies, the furniture material can still be improved by mixing with others from different industries.

Population growth and changes in people's lifestyles lead to an increase in the generation of solid waste, making its destination a great challenge. Iron recycling, a waste transformation process that involves altering its properties with a view to transforming it into inputs or new products, grows as the consumption of this metal also increases. The fine residue (<8mm) generated in the processing of ferrous scrap metal has the appearance of soil and is currently treated as tailings, all of which are destined for the industrial landfill. The purpose of this work was to use the fine waste generated in the scrap yard of the company Coretrans Comercial Ltda, in the production of concrete blocks for paver type paver. In the first stage of the research, the physical-chemical characterization was carried out to determine the classification of the residue. In the second stage, the residue classified as non-inert and non-toxic class IIA was used for granulometry and specific mass analysis to evaluate the feasibility of use as an aggregate in civil construction and to choose the most suitable component for replacement in the construction of the prototype. From the results obtained, concrete pieces (pavers) were produced, replacing, in mass, the crushed stone dust by the residue in 5% and 15%. The chemical tests carried out demonstrated the encapsulation of contaminants in the concrete blocks, which also presented mechanical and physical performance similar to the commercial reference. In this way, the tests demonstrated the feasibility of manufacturing concrete blocks for paving using the fine residue generated in the processing of ferrous scrap in place of 15% of crushed stone, evidencing its applicability in civil construction.

The weaknesses linked to the inadequate use and occupation of the soil, as well as the absence of territorial planning, have caused areas with environmental weaknesses in the municipalities. This problem becomes even greater when urbanized areas are exposed to high and rapid growth, demanded by economic development and which consequently result in occupations in areas of environmental vulnerability. On the other hand, we have the public sector, which needs to demand actions to improve and minimize the damage related to non-territorial environmental planning. The present study aimed to develop an environmental risk matrix of land use and occupation for a municipality with up to 50,000 inhabitants. The methodological process for preparing the risk matrix established environmental indicators in two axes: ecosystem and socio-environmental services. The indicators were defined with validation of the legislation and with the goals established in the Sustainable Development Goals (ODS) and Sustainable Cities Program (PCS). For each environmental indicator, intensity criteria were established based on different references. For the elaboration of the risk matrix, the environmental intensity criteria were added to the magnitude and importance of environmental damage defined in the environmental impact assessment tool of the Leopold matrix, proposing an environmental risk score. The association of these characteristics made it possible to create a less subjective matrix with the potential to identify the most relevant indicators for the territorial planning of a municipality.

Coturniculture is an activity that demands low investment and fast return, as it presents a high production of eggs, which are the main products on an industrial scale, since meat is still considered exoca by consumers. The use of manure for energy generation by anaerobic biodigestion may represent a viable and promising technology for obtaining biogas from confined animal production systems that demand high electricity consumption. The growing demand for energy means that new energy sources are better used. A great alternative for the growth of new sources can be the use of biomass in anaerobic biodigestion systems, in which the organic substrate is degraded and transformed into energy and bioferlizer. The study sought to investigate the use of quail farming liquid manure (DLC) with a water depth treatment system and its potential for producing biogas and generating electricity in anaerobic batch bioreactors. In the results obtained, using the BMP test method, through benchtop bioreactors with a volume of 250 mL, and in mesophilic conditions, it was found that the best monodigestion used was inoculum + substrate of 30 days of deposition, with water retention time of 45 days, which presented higher production of biogas (0.00078476 Nm³) and methane (0.000575 Nm³). When comparing the proportion of 1 m³ of biomass from the DLC, it resulted in a production of 4.36 m³ of biogas every 45 days of retention in the bioreactor. And when converted into electrical energy through the use of a motor generator using the biogas produced by the DLC as fuel, the value of 9.30 kWh/day or 104.64 kWh/45 days is obtained.

As an effect of disordered urban growth, cities encounter problems associated with risk and environmental degradation, which directly affect the population with low economic power. Since it is not possible to analyse the situation of social and environmental vulnerability in isolation, considering that there is a territorial link by financial position, the present research aimed to map the areas of socio-environmental vulnerability of Joinville-SC. The methodological procedures used consist of the application of 15 social and environmental indicators in the 770 census sectors, incorporated with geoprocessing techniques and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. As a result, it was found that 3.66% of the extension of the study area is at low vulnerability, 8.87% on average and 87% at high, associated with the fact that the city center and adjacent neighborhoods do not make room for the poor population be inserted, with a continuous disorderly expansion, with new communities settling in areas of environmental vulnerability. To present the results obtained, this report contains the final article submitted for publication in the journal Saúde e Sociedade and the Atlas of Socio-Environmental Vulnerability of Joinville-SC. Finally, it is concluded that the analysis using the multicriteria method in GIS provided satisfactory results for the identification of areas of vulnerability.

Ovariohysterectomy is an important procedure for health and walfare animal, even as for society. However, there is a predisposition of the animal to hypothermia, due to the anesthetic procedure. In order to study the effect of hydraulic radiant floor on the body temperature of female dogs submitted to ovaryiohysterectomy, 130 animals, coming from the Araquari Animal Castration and Identification Center (CCIAA), were evaluated. Physiological parameters were collected, such as color of the oral mucosa, rectal temperature, respiratory and heart rate in animals housed in pen with hydraulic radiant floor (CP) and blanket (SP). The evaluations took place between the period of entry of the animal (T0) in the CCIAA until its return to home (T4). To analyze the relationship between the physiological parameters and the physical development of the animal, subgroups were created: one based on size (small, medium and large) and other on age (young and adults). The relationship between physiological parameters and room temperature was studied by dividing the experimental period into cold, moderate and warm days. The results were subjected to chi-square and variance analysis for non-normal data. The analyzes were made at the level of 5% probability of error. The hydraulic radiant floor proved to be efficient in anesthetic recovery of animals, regardless of the size and age. In addition, there was a greater need for the heating system on days with low temperatures. Therefore, the hydraulic radiant floor is an effective and safe way for heating and to prevent hypothermia in the postoperative period.

Cemeteries are activities that potentially cause environmental impacts. Its installation in an environment with adequate physical environment is a determining factor to avoid impacts, especially with regard to the deterioration of the quality of groundwater. In this sense, CONAMA Resolution No. 335/03 establishes some technical criteria aimed at geology and hydrogeology that must be respected in the design and execution of these spaces. Thus, with the objective of studying the physical environment of the area where the municipal cemetery of Araquari-SC is installed, mainly in relation to the soil permeability coefficient, infiltration index and water table, perforations were carried out to collect material and installations for monitoring wells enabling the determination of the water table and the collection of groundwater samples. The results led us to conclude that the physical environment of the studied area is inadequate for the installation of cemeteries and, consequently, there is groundwater contamination by necroslurry. Given the absence of public programs aimed at informing cemetery managers about the importance of regularizing these spaces, this work offers as a final product a Digital Manual for Environmental Regularization of Cemeteries in order to provide information objectively and in accessible language on how regularize this potentially polluting activity.