MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS AND GENDER RECOMMENDATIONS IN THE LATIN AMERICAN CONTEXT: A LOOK AT ARGENTINA, BRAZIL, AND CHILE
Gender; Multilateral Organizations; Latin America; Gender Educational Policies.
This dissertation is linked to the Research Line on Educational Processes and Inclusion of the Graduate Program in Education at the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina - Campus Camboriú. Given the growing discussions around gender issues, this research aims to analyze how the recommendations of Multilateral Organizations (MOs) related to gender influence the development of educational policies in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. The theme of gender issues was chosen due to the oppression and silencing experienced by Latin American women and girls since the invasion and colonization of their countries. In addition to gender-based violence, they also face xenophobia, racism, and homophobia for not conforming to Eurocentric standards. Thus, the research is grounded in a qualitative, interpretative, and analytical approach (STAKE, 2011). The data collection methodology used was bibliographical and documentary, analyzing documents related to the recommendations of multilateral organizations: UN (1979), World Bank (2003; 2012; 2020), Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, 2019), and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO, 2019). These documents were selected for their specific discussions and guidelines on promoting gender equality. The analysis involved triangulation among documents from multilateral organizations, educational policies of the selected countries, and decolonial pedagogies, particularly guided by authors such as Lugones (2014), Espinosa-Miñoso (2014), Walsh (2014), Quijano (2000; 2005), Maldonado-Torres (2018), and Mignolo (2008), highlighting colonization as a marker of marginalization and dehumanization of colonized peoples, especially those socially considered minorities, such as women – the focus of this research. Based on the data gathered on MOs, we observed a perspective centered on economic development linked to female productivity and the financial return generated by the increased participation of women in the workforce. Although this perspective is present in the selected documents from the three countries, we also noticed that the women's movement's struggle has impacted public policies, which now encompass not only a market-oriented approach but also gender equality in different social spheres, with an increasingly present intersectional perspective. This reinforces the importance of understanding individuals as a whole.